INDIA -RELIEF FEATURES-----BITS & IMPORTANT POINTS

INDIA -RELIEF FEATURES-------------------BITS & IMPORTANT POINTS

1. For India the central longitude 82.3°E is taken as Standard Meridian.
2. 82.3°E longitude passes near Allahabad andKakinada.
3. IST means Indian Standard Time.
4. GMT means Greenwich Mean Time.
5. The time difference between GMT and IST is 5 ½hours.
6. India has an extension of 2,933kms from East to West.
7. India has an extension of 3,214kms from North to south.
8. The country's mainland lies between 8°4'and 37°6'north latitudes.
9. India has the land frontier of 15,200kms and a coastal line of 7,516kms.

10. India lies entirely in theNorthern Hemisphere.
11. Indian sub-continent includes India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Maldives.
12. World land forms originated from two giant lands namely Angara land
(Laurasia) and Gondwana land.
13. The Indian peninsula was part of Gondwanaland.
14. Over 200million years ago Gondwana land split into pieces.
15. Indian plate moved towards north-west and collided the much larger
Eurasian Plate(Angara land).
16. The Himalayan ranges west to east distance is 2400kms.
17. The Himalayan ranges width is 200 to 500 kms.
18. The Himalayas comprise three parallel ranges. 1. Himadri 2. Himachal/
Lesser Himalayas 3. Shivaliks.
19. The northern most range is known as Greater Himalayas or Himadri.
20. Greater Himalayas is continuous with the highest peaks.
21. Greater Himalayas average height 6100mts.
22. Lesser Himalayas average height 3,700 to 4,500 mts.
23. Pir panjal and Mahabharata ranges are in the part of Lesser Himalayas.
24. Valley of Kashmir, the Kangra and Kulu are in Lesser Himalayas.
25. Simla, Mussorie, Nainital, Raniket Hill stations are in Lesser Himalayas.
26. Lesser Himalayas covered by evergreen forest.

27. Shivaliks width is 10-50kms.
28. Shivaliks average height is 900 -1100 mts.
29. Shivaliks are called as Jammu hills in Jammu region.
30. Shivaliks are called as Mishmi hills in Arunachal Pradesh.
31. Shivaliks are called as Cacharhillsin Assam.
32. Shivaliks consist of thick gravel and alluvium.
33. The valleys lying between the Himachal and Shivalik are called Duns.
34. The prominent Duns are Dehradun, Kotli Dun and Patli Dun.
35. The eastern most boundary of the Himalayas is the Brahmaputravalley.
36. Purvanchalare known as Patkai, Naga, Manipuri, Khasi and Mizo hills.
37. The Himalayas are reason for summer rains and monsoon climate.
38. River Indus tributaries :1. Jhelum2. Chenab 3. Ravi 4. Beas 5. Sutlej.
39. The Himalayan Rivers have a perennial flow.
40. The Himalayan Rivers are fed by theglaciers.
41. ‘Doab’ means two rivers.
42. Ganga plain extends from the rivers Ghaggarto Teesta.
43. Gravel and pebble sediments feature is known as ‘Bhabar’.
44. Swampy and marshy region called Terai.
45. India is surrounded by the sea on threesides.
46. The Indian plateau is mainly composed of the old crystalline,
hard igneous and metamorphicrock.

47. The Indian plateau is slightly tilted towards east.
48. The peninsular plateau consists of two divisions namely, the Malwa plateau (central high lands) and the DeccanPlateau.
49. The famous hill station Udagamandalam, popularly known as Ooty.
50. The Mahadev range forms the Deccan plateau’s eastern edge.
51. Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats and Nilgiris form western, eastern and southern boundaries to the Deccan plateau.
52. Anaimudi2695 mts (Annamalaihills) is the highest peak in south India.
53. Western Ghats include the Anaimalai, Palani(Tamilnadu) and Cardamom (Kerala) hills.
54. In comparison to the Gangetic plains the plateau region is dry.
55. The highest peak in Eastern Ghats is found at Chinthapalli (1680 mts).
56. Nallamalas, Velikondas, Palakondasand Seshachalaare the tracts of Eastern Ghats.

57. The Eastern Ghats extends from Mahanadi valley to Nilgiris.
58. The southernmost tip of the plateau is Kanyakumari.
59. Chhotanagpurplateau is rich in mineral resources.
60. The Deccan plateau is a triangular landmass.
61. Satpurarange forms the Deccan plateau’s north edge.
62. The Western Ghats lie parallel to the west coast.
63. The Western Ghats are higher than the Eastern Ghats.
64. Western Ghats extend for 1600kms.
65. Western Ghats height 2000mts.
66. Near Gudalurthe Nilgiris joins the Western Ghats.
67. Ooty is located in Nilgiris.
68. DoddaBetta(2637 mts) is the highest peak in Nilgiris.

69. The average height of the Eastern Ghats 900 mts.
70. The Deccan plateau is formed with black soils due to volcanic activity.
71. The Thar Desert is located on the leeward side of Aravalies.
72. The Thar Desert receives rainfall 100 to 150 mm per year.
73. The Thar Desert has an aridclimate with very low vegetation cover.
74. ‘Luni’ is the only river in the Thar Desert.
75. Indira Gandhi canal is the longest canal in the country (650kms).
76. The western coast starts at Rann of Kutch and ends at Kanyakumari.
77. The western coast is narrower than the east coast.
78. Maharashtra and Goa coast is called as KonkanCoast.
79. Karnataka coast is called as Canaracoast.
80. Kerala coast is called as Malabarcoast.
81. The western coast starts from Mahanadito Cauvery.
82. Odisha coast is called as Utkalcoast.
83. Andhra Pradesh coast is called as Sircarcoast.

84. Tamil Nadu coast is called as Coramandal coast.
85. Lake Chilka is in Odisha.
86. Lake Kolleruand Pulicat are in Andhra Pradesh.
87. Andaman and Nicobar Islands stretched in Bay of Bengal.
88. Lakshadweep Islands are in the Arabian Sea.
89. In Andaman and Nicobar, Narkondam and Barren are volcanic origin.
90. The southernmost tip of India is found in Nicobar called as Indira point.
91. Indira point was submerged during the 2004Tsunami.
92. LakshadweepIslands are of coral origin.
93. Lakshadweep Islands total geographic area is 32sq.kms.

94. Lakshadweep Island is famous for great variety of flora and fauna.